What is the principle of color changing film
2025-07-08
The principle of color changing film mainly relies on external stimuli to induce changes in the molecular structure of materials to achieve color changes, which mainly include the following two types:
Principle of Electrochromism
Electrochromic materials represented by tungsten trioxide (WO3) are formed by injecting electrons and cations (such as H ⁺, Li ⁺) into tungsten bronze structures through an applied voltage, achieving a reversible transition between colorless and dark blue colors. The light transmittance adjustment range of this process can reach 4:1 or more, the driving voltage is only 1-2V, and it has power-off memory function.
Principle of photochromism
Based on the decomposition and recombination reactions of special chemical substances (such as silver halide, copper oxide, etc.) under ultraviolet or visible light irradiation, color changes occur. For example, color changing eyeglass lenses undergo silver halide decomposition into silver and bromine under strong light, causing the lenses to darken; When the light weakens, silver halide is regenerated to restore transparency.
Some new color changing films, such as the conjugated alternating copolymer developed by MIT, can also trigger color changes through chemical reagents for detecting special scenarios such as chemical weapons.
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